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Practice guidelines for music interventions with hospitalized pediatric patients.
Music therapy is an effective complementary approach that can achieve specific therapeutic outcomes in the clinical management of pediatric patients. Growing research on music interventions has generated scientific knowledge about how this modality benefits patients and has formed the basis for effective protocols that can be used in practice. Although it can be challenging to translate research-based protocols into routine clinical care at the bedside, it is essential that music therapy interventions be aligned with evidence-based information and that accepted standards be established by the music therapy discipline to achieve the greatest benefit. The importance of partnerships between nurses and music therapists is emphasized to enhance the success of music-based treatments. This discussion synthesizes research findings that can be used to design pediatric practice guidelines in the application of music therapy.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2007 Dec;22(6):448-56. Stouffer JW, Shirk BJ, Polomano RC. Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 19104, USA.
When looked at as a part of the theories of Sigmund Freud, the ego is part of a psychic apparatus, which also includes the id in the super-ego. Together the ego, id, and super-ego can be explained as personality, instinct, and critical self-awareness. However, for this article I'm going to regard the ego has been your personality and self-awareness.
Exploring the concept of ego can involve many competing philosophies. It would suffice at this point to regard the ego as a collection of values, beliefs, and attitudes. When I hear someone say that they do something or think a certain way as...
When it comes to higher human intelligence, there is curse with which we all live. Our highly developed frontal lobe allows us to anticipate the future and simulate a wide range of potential events. On one hand, this allows us to participate in strategic planning and goal setting as we create our lives. On a more mundane level, these capabilities allow us to do simple task such as walking and driving. On the other hand, when these abilities get out of control they can turn our life into a living hell. Our instinctual drive for self-preservation leads us to identify and seek to avoid any...
Psychotherapy is a very general term which refers to any interaction between one person, a couple, or a group and another who presumably has specific training and skills dealing with the healing of various situations involving the human mind. It is a contraction between the word psyche, which is the Greek word for spirit or soul, and the word therapy, which refers to corrective treatment for a illness, disease, or pathology. It logically overlaps the concept and/or field of psychology, which is defined as the science of the mind.
As a field of practice the term psychotherapy is so vague...
